Professor J Neil Cape

Research interests

Atmospheric chemistry

• airborne organic nitrogen compounds
• measurements of wet deposition - artefacts caused by sampling, storage and in analysis
• fluxes of trace gases at the earth’s surface, especially oxygenated VOCs
• temporal and spatial distribution of airborne mercury
• sources and sinks of nitrous acid (HONO) in the environment

Effects of air pollutants on plants

• leaf surface properties, and their response to air pollutants
• plant responses to pollutant deposition that can be used for bioindication of pollutant exposure
• effects of ozone and nitrogen oxides/oxyacids, on plants
• effects of airborne VOCs (and OVOCs) on plants

The leaf surface as the interface between plants and the atmosphere

• reactions that destroy ozone on vegetation surfaces
• inorganic <-> organic nitrogen transformations on leaf surfaces
• cation exchange processes involved in rainfall pH modification

Current projects

• Defra: "Ozone Umbrella" Programme - responsible for overall management of CEH and three university groups, and of a large-scale field facility, unique in the world, for study of the effects of ozone on species-rich grassland.
• Defra: EMEP Supersite - responsible for overall management of ongoing monitoring of gases and particles at Auchencorth in providing UK contribution to EMEP.
• Defra: Heavy Metals Monitoring in the UK - responsible for measurements of gaseous elemental mercury and mercury in precipitation at 10 sites across the UK, and of mercury speciation (elemental, "reactive" and particulate) continuously at one site.
• Alberta: Flux measurements of gases in oil sands region
• CEH/NERC-funded research in progress, in collaboration with the School of Chemistry, Edinburgh University:
• Organic nitrogen in air and rain.
• Reactions of ozone on plant surfaces
• Emission and deposition of oxygenated VOCs using PTR-MS.

Memberships of professional organisations        

Member and Fellow, Royal Society of Chemistry

Member, British Ecological Society

Member, Society for Ecotoxicology and Chemistry

Member, European Geosciences Union

I have acted as Associate Editor for the Journal of Geophysical Research (Atmospheres) and Science of the Total Environment, and am a regular reviewer for Atmospheric Environment, Environmental Pollution' Environmental Science & Technologyand the Journal of Environmental Monitoring'

I work in collaboration with several UK institutions, and have links with researchers throughout Europe, in Canada, the USA, Japan and China.

I have published on subjects from atmospheric chemistry to plant physiology, with over 150 papers published in peer-reviewed journals (h-index 28), and over 100 conference proceedings and contract reports.

Within CEH, I chair the Chemistry Advisory panel, and am a member of the Biogeochemistry Core College, the Environmental Information Data Centre Strategy Group and the Integration Planning Group.

Research Career

• 2005 to date: Honorary Professor in Chemistry, University of Edinburgh
• 2004 to date: Head of site, CEH at Edinburgh
• 2003-2004: Acting Site Director, CEH at Edinburgh
• 2000: Individual Merit Promotion (Band 3)
• 2000: University of St Andrews; DSc
• 1996: Fellow of Royal Society of Chemistry
• 1998-2005: Honorary fellow in chemistry, University of Edinburgh
• 1992-1998: Honorary lecturer in chemistry, University of Edinburgh
• 1980: Chartered Chemist, Member of Royal Society of Chemistry
• 1979: Appointed HSO Environmental Chemist, Institute of Terrestrial Ecology (now Centre for Ecology & Hydrology)
• 1976-1979: PhD in Physical Chemistry - thesis: “Glass formation in the soft-sphere system”, University of Cambridge
• 1974-1976: Assistant lecturer in chemistry, National University of Lesotho
• 1970-1974: BSc (Hons) Chemistry, University of St Andrews

Selected publications

See also the NERC Open Research Archive.

Cape J. N. 2009. Plants as Accumulators of Atmospheric Emissions, in: Legge, A.H. (ed.), Air Quality and Ecological Impacts: Relating Sources to Effects, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 61-98.

Cape J.N., Hamilton R., Heal M.R., 2009. Reactive uptake of ozone at simulated leaf surfaces: implications for 'non-stomatal' ozone deposition. Atmospheric Environment 43, 1116-1123

Cape J.N., van der Eerden L., Fangmeier A., Ayres J., Bareham S., Bobbink R., Branquinho C., Crittenden P., Cruz C., Dias T., Leith I.D., Martins-Loucao M.A., Pitcairn C., Sheppard L., Spranger T., Sutton M., van Dijk N., Wolseley P., 2009. Critcal levels for ammonia, in: Sutton M.A., Reis S., Baker S.M.H. (ed.), Atmospheric ammonia: Detecting emission changes and environmental impacts. Results of an Expert Workshop under the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution, Springer, pp. 375-382

Cape J.N., van der Eerden L.J., Sheppard L.J., Leith I.D., Sutton M.A., 2009. Evidence for changing the critical level for ammonia. Environmental Pollution 157, 1033-1037

Cape J.N., van der Eerden L.J., Sheppard L.J., Leith I.D., Sutton M.A., 2009. Reassessment of critical levels for atmospheric ammonia, in:Sutton M.A., Reis S., Baker S.M.H. (ed.), Atmospheric Ammonia: Detecting emission changes and environmental impacts. Results of an Expert Workshop under the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution, Springer, pp. 15-40

Cape J.N., Van Dijk N., Tang Y.S., 2009. Measurement of dry deposition to bulk precipitation collectors using a novel flushing sampler. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 11, 353-358

Davison B., Taipale R., Langford B., Misztal P., Fares S., Matteucci G., Loreto F., Cape J.N., Rinne J., Hewitt C.N., 2009. Concentrations and fluxes of biogenic volatile organic compounds above a Mediterranean macchia ecosystem in Western Italy. Biogeosciences Discussions 6, 2183-2216

Davison, B., Taipale R., Langford B., Misztal P., Fares S., Matteucci G., Loreto F., Cape J.N., Rinne J., Hewitt C.N., 2009. Concentrations and fluxes of biogenic volatile organic compounds above a Mediterranean macchia ecosystem in western Italy. Biogeosciences 6, 1655-1670

Fowler D., Pilegaard K., Sutton M.A., Ambus P., Raivonen M., Duyzer J., Simpson D., Fagerli H., Fuzzi S., Schjoerring J.K., Granier C., Neftel A., Isaksen I.S.A., Laj P., Maione M., Monks P.S., Burkhardt J., Daemmgen U., Neirynck J., Personne E., Wichink-Kruit R., Butterbach-Bahl K., Flechard C., Tuovinen J.P., Coyle M., Gerosa G., Loubet B., Altimir N., Gruenhage L., Ammann C., Cieslik S., Paoletti E., Mikkelsen T.N., Ro-Poulsen H., Cellier P., Cape J.N., Horváth L., Loreto F., Niinemets Ü., Palmer P.I., Rinne J., Misztal P., Nemitz E., Nilsson D., Pryor S., Gallagher M.W., Vesala T., Skiba U., Brüggemann N., Zechmeister-Boltenstern S., Williams J., O'Dowd C., Facchini M.C., de Leeuw G., Flossman A., Chaumerliac N., Erisman J.W., 2009. Atmospheric composition change: Ecosystems-Atmosphere interactions. Atmospheric Environment 43, 5193-5267

González Benítez J.M., Cape J.N., Heal M.R., van Dijk N., Díez A.V., 2009. Atmospheric nitrogen deposition in south-east Scotland: Quantification of the organic nitrogen fraction in wet, dry and bulk deposition. Atmospheric Environment 43, 4087-4094

Honour S.L., Bell J.N.B., Ashenden T.W., Cape J.N., Power S.A., 2009. Responses of herbaceous plants to urban air pollution: Effects on growth, phenology and leaf surface characteristics. Environmental Pollution 157, 1279-1286

Quincey P., Butterfield D., Green D., Coyle M., Cape J.N., 2009. An evaluation of measurement methods for organic, elemental and black carbon in ambient air monitoring sites. Atmospheric Environment 43, 5085-5091

Sheppard L.J., Leith I.D., Crossley A., van Dijk N., Cape J.N., Fowler D., Sutton M.A., 2009. Long-term cumulative exposure exacerbates the effects of atmospheric ammonia on an ombrotrophic bog: implications for critical levels, in:Sutton M.A., Reis S., Baker S.M.H. (ed.), Atmospheric Ammonia: Detecting emission changes and environmental impacts. Results of an Expert Workshop under the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution, Springer, pp. 49-58

Skiba U., Drewer J., Tang Y.S., van Dijk N., Helfter C., Nemitz E., Famulari D., Cape J.N., Jones S.K., Twigg M., Pihlatie M., Vesala T., Larsen K.S., Carter M.S., Ambus P., Ibrom A., Beier C., Hensen A., Frumau A., Erisman J.W., Brüggemann N., Gasche R., Butterbach-Bahl K., Neftel A., Spirig C., Horvath L., Freibauer A., Cellier P., Laville P., Loubet B., Magliulo E., Bertolini T., Seufert G., Andersson M., Manca G., Laurila T., Aurela M., Lohila A., Zechmeister-Boltenstern S., Kitzler B., Schaufler G., Siemens J., Kindler R., Flechard C., Sutton M.A., 2009. Biosphere-atmosphere exchange of reactive nitrogen and greenhouse gases at the NitroEurope core flux measurement sites: Measurement strategy and first data sets. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 133, 139-149

Cape, J. N.; Jones, M. R.; Leith, I. D.; Sheppard, L. J.; van Dijk, N.; Sutton, M. A.; Fowler, D. 2008. Estimate of annual NH3 dry deposition to a fumigated ombrotrophic bog using concentration-dependent deposition velocities. Published in Atmospheric Environment, 42 (27). 6637-6646. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.04.027

Cape, J N. 2008. Interactions of forests with secondary air pollutants: Some challenges for future research. Published in the journal Environmental Pollution, 155. 391-397. 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.01.038

Cape, J. N. 2008. Surface ozone concentrations and ecosystem health: past trends and a guide to future projections. Science of the Total Environment, 400. 257-269. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.06.025

Jones, M. R.; Raven, J. A.; Leith, I. D.; Cape, J. N.; Smith, R. I.; Fowler, D. 2008. Short-term flux chamber experiment to quantify the deposition of gaseous 15N-NH3 to Calluna vulgaris. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 148 (6-7). 893-901. doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.12.003

Cape, J. N.; Bassin, S.; Fuhrer, J.; Gerosa, G.; Alonso, R.; Gimeno, B.; Gruenhage, L.; Mikkelsen, T. N.; Mills, G. 2008. Challenges in understanding the risks to natural and semi-natural vegetation from ozone exposure. Italian Journal of Agronomy, 3 (1). 53-59.

Leith, I. D.; Mitchell, R. J.; Truscott, A.-M.; Cape, J. N.; van Dijk, N.; Smith, R. I.; Fowler, D.; Sutton, M. A. 2008. The influence of nitrogen in stemflow and precipitation on epiphytic bryophytes, Isothecium myosuroides Brd., Dicranum scoparium Hewd. and Thuidium tamariscinum (Hewd) Schimp of Atlantic oakwoods. Published in the journal Environmental Pollution, 155 (2). 237-246. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2007.11.031

Zhang, Ying; Zheng, Lixia; Liu, Xuejun; Jickells, Tim; Cape, John Neil; Goulding, Keith; Fangmeier, Andreas; Zhang, Fusuo. 2008. Evidence for organic N deposition and its anthropogenic sources in China. Atmospheric Environment, 42 (5). 1035-1041. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.12.015