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Analysis of fatty acids and fatty alcohols reveals seasonal and sex-specific changes in the diets of seabirds

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Abstract

A key challenge in ecology is to find ways to obtain complete and accurate information about the diets of animals. To respond to this challenge in seabirds, traditional methods (usually stomach content analysis or observations of prey at nests) have been supplemented with indirect methods or molecular trophic markers. These techniques have the potential to extend the period of investigation outside the few short months of breeding and avoid biases. Here, we use an analysis of fatty acids (FAs) and fatty alcohols (FALs) from blood, adipose tissue and stomach oil to investigate how the diets of male and female common guillemots (Uria aalge), black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) and northern fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) differed through the sampling period (prelaying and breeding season) and by sex. Diets of both sexes of all three species generally varied across the season, but sex differences were apparent only in fulmars during prelaying. Our study shows that FA/FAL analysis can provide significant insights into diets of seabirds, in particular periods of the annual cycle which are not readily studied using traditional methods.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Mark Newell, Mike Harris, Barbara Cheney, Laura Thompson and colleagues who assisted with fieldwork, Kate Griffiths and Stuart Piertney for carrying out DNA sexing, Pamela Walsham for additional laboratory support and three anonymous reviewers for improvements to the manuscript. Permission to work on the Isle of May NNR and Eynhallow was kindly provided by Scottish Natural Heritage and Orkney Islands Council, respectively. Capture and handling of birds was carried out under licence from the British Trust for Ornithology, and blood, feathers and adipose sampling was carried out under licence from The Home Office. Funding for the project was provided by the Natural Environment Research Council and Talisman Energy (UK) Ltd.

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  1. Ellie Owen

    Present address: RSPB Etive House, Beechwood Park, Inverness, IV2 3BW, UK

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, UK

    Ellie Owen, Francis Daunt & Sarah Wanless

  2. Marine Laboratory, Marine Scotland Science, PO Box 101, 375 Victoria Road, Aberdeen, AB11 9BD, UK

    Ellie Owen & Colin Moffat

  3. Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK

    David A. Elston

  4. Lighthouse Field Station, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cromarty, IV1 8YL, UK

    Ellie Owen & Paul Thompson

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Correspondence to Ellie Owen.

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Communicated by S. Garthe.

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Owen, E., Daunt, F., Moffat, C. et al. Analysis of fatty acids and fatty alcohols reveals seasonal and sex-specific changes in the diets of seabirds. Mar Biol 160, 987–999 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-012-2152-x

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